December, 1999 The FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT BROTHERS AIRCRAFT COMPANY is proud to present the release of a totally new series of aircraft. THE 1998 CESSNA 208 CARAVAN SERIES (c) This, VOLUME 3, the third of three volumes includes the final bundle of two aircraft: <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> * 1998 CESSNA 208 CARAVAN on amphibious floats (for water landings) and * 1998 CESSNA 208 CARAVAN on amphibious floats (for runway landings) <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The preceding release of Volume 1 included the 1998 Cessna Grand Caravan 208 and the 1998 Cessna Super Cargomaster in FedEx livery. The preceding release of Volume 2 introduced the 1998 Cessna 208 Caravan on wheels and another version on retractable skis. AIRCRAFT OVERVIEW For over a decade, the Caravan line of aircraft have been called upon by operators who count on earning their living with service and complete dependability. For Federal Express alone, the dispatch reliability rate of their Caravan Fleet of over 250 aircraft is over 99%. The Caravan worldwide fleet of nearly 850 aircraft is operating in over 50 countries, with well beyond two million flight hours to its credit. More than 70 Caravans are now used in scheduled airline/commuter service around the world. Over 425 serve in freight operations, and many others serve as floatplanes, special mission aircraft and in other applications. The Caravan family of aircraft consists of four distinct models, providing diversity of choice based upon customer needs. For transporting passengers or cargo, or sometimes both, two Caravan models are specifically suited to handle the job. The Standard Caravan provides incredible flexibility along with economy and performance that is unmatched in the industry. For additional room, the Grand Caravan offers top-of-the-line performance with increased horsepower, payload and cabin volume. The Super Cargomaster offers 452 cubic feet of cargo space, making it the largest cargo-dedicated single-engine turboprop built today. The Caravan floatplane is the largest single-engine floatplane currently manufactured. It is available on straight or amphibious floats or wheel skis. Page 2 Mission flexibility is further enhanced by a number of Caravan features, including separate doors for cargo and people, rough-field landing gear and easy field maintenance and repair. All of these qualities combine to make the Caravan ideal for special mission applications as well. The aircraft is suited to a range of missions that includes surveillance, prisoner or personnel transport, fire suppression, rescue and relief, parachuting, supply drops, and any other special task. The Caravan in whatever form it flies is a true workhorse in every sense of the word. NOTES REGARDING VOLUME 3 - VERSION 1 These models were started in December of 1998 and I had fully expected that they would be ready for upload by March '99 at the latest. As of March, I decided to await the release of the 'new' Aircraft Factory '99 program since I had already maxed out my 540 parts limit in Flight Shop. Well by the time the new program was released, I was well into the design of a new church facility and far too otherwise engaged to do any "Caravaning". I was forced to work on these models off and on over the next several months until in October, I jumped in with both feet. Like everything in my life, the idea of this project seemed pretty simple and elementary. Shouldn't take any time at all. Certainly not as complex as the Skymaster. . . . Well, perhaps I'm slow, but the bleeds just 'kept on coming'. Perhaps it was due to the relatively large size of the model (at least when compared to the other two models previously completed), but it seemed to take a great deal of time and effort to work out the visual problems to a point where I could be satisfied. There are still some imperfections, mind you, but they are hereby pronounced complete. The 'floating' Caravans, like the others are pretty realistic in form and in function. The appearance is as close as I can get to the actual models and the flight dynamics are accurate within reason (without spending months tweaking and adjusting - I only spent weeks). The visual models were developed from scaled drawings and sales brochures provided by the Cessna Aircraft Co. and the performance specifications were likewise, taken from Cessna Data. Both Caravans are painted in the same standard 1998 Cessna paint scheme (except the prop spinner is here painted instead of polished). In fact all four a/c from volumes 2 and 3 have the same paint scheme so they can be seen as the same a/c, each with a different landing apparatus. Because of the intrinsic differences in the aircraft's positions as they sit on water/land, I had to develop two distinct models ie: one to land on water with the water displacement floats capable of being toggled on just prior to landing and toggled off, upon take off. The Page 3 land version sits high atop its retractable landing gear, just line the real thing. So if you set off from the water in the water version and decide to make your destination one on terra firma, you must switch in mid air to the land version. Except for the operation of the floats, the appearance of each basic airplane is exactly the same, so there will not be a rift in the time/space continuum when this mid-air change is made. Both models are designed with moving parts for only the propeller and the flaps. With these, the .mdl file was at its maximum before considering animating the control surfaces. I've used the downloaded and registered version of Aircraft Animator and perhaps the newer retail version permits larger mdl's. If anyone knows, please advise. Sorry for any disappointments here. Neither wing mounted weather radar pods nor fuselage mounted cargo pods, are available on these models, but in exchange for these, you have the elegant belly mounted strobe light. I think you will be pleased with the results. As an architect, I appreciate the importance of accuracy and detail. I believe the joy, which can be experienced when flying an accurate flight model from the spot view makes it all worthwhile. You may wish to view the .bmp files, prior to installing so you know what you are getting. Have fun and let me know your impressions of these files. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: 1. Microsoft Flight Simulator '98. Since I am always at least one fs-version behind, I haven't tested these in FS2K. LIST OF FILES IN WBC20821.ZIP 1. 1998 Cessna Caravan on amphibious floats for water landings (208 Caravan Floats-water.zip) a. Root a/c folder: 208 Caravan Floats-Water.air aircraft.cfg b. Model folder: 208 Caravan Floats-Water.mdl 208 Caravan Floats-Water.mdl.mpi 208 Caravan Floats-Water.mdl.nmp Model.cfg c. Panel folder: panel.cfg d. Sound folder: sound.cfg e. Texture folder: 208_Cara.0AF through 208_Cara.9AF, Page 4 208_Cara.aaf, 208_Cara.baf, 208_Cara.caf 208_Cara.caf, 208_Cara.daf and 208_Cara.eaf. 2. 1998 Cessna Caravan on amphibious floats for ground landing (Caravan 208 Floats-Land2.zip) a. Root a/c folder: Caravan 208 Floats-Land2.air aircraft.cfg b. Model folder: Caravan 208 Floats-Land2.mdl Caravan 208 Floats-Land2.mdl.mpi Caravan 208 Floats-Land2.mdl.nmp model.cfg c. Panel folder: panel.cfg d. Sound folder: sound.cfg e. Texture folder: Caravanw.0AF through Caravanw.9AF Caravanw.aaf and Caravanw.baf 3. General Files (WBC208g3.ZIP) a. WBC20831.doc - This text file in MSWord format (reads nicer) b. WBC20831.txt - This text file in Notepad format c. CaravanFloat-water.bmp - Flight Photograph d. CaravanFloat-land.bmp - Flight Photograph 4. File_id.idz INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Do yourself a favor and read this document from beginning to end in either Microsoft Word or Notepad format, (WITH WORD WRAP ON). 2. View the *.bmp files in Win95's (or Win98's) Paint Program or a similar picture viewer to see if these files are worth your trouble, then save or discard as you wish. 3. These files have been developed for fs98. Since I am not now running FS2K, I'm sure you know more about using this a/c in the new program than do I. Now, unzip the individual a/c folders (208 Caravan Floats-water.zip and Caravan 208 Floats-land2.zip) into their own folders (208 Caravan Float-Water and Caravan 208 Floats-land2), that you will create within your FS98\ 'aircraft' directory. If your zip program does not support folders, then create the usual subdirectories: model, panel, sound and texture under each new aircraft folder. Place the *.air and aircraft.cfg files in the main a/c directory (Caravanwheel208, for example). Place the *.mdl, *.mdl.mpi, *.mdl.nmp and the model.cfg files in your model directory. The panel.cfg goes to the panel directory; sound.cfg to the Page 5 sound directory; and all *.af , .aaf, .baf and .caf files go to the texture directory. I you're new to this, check out the file format of one of your other a/c using Windows Explore function to reinforce how these files are arranged. 5. The default Lear45 panel is included with both models in the upload. Since most of you mix and match these freely anyway, I didn't see the need to quadruple the size of this upload. For those of you too new to the hobby to know how to do this. . .learn, you'll have to know it eventually and there are a lot of nice folks around to help you. If you're very new, the wrong panel or sound for that matter, won't matter much to you anyway. Feel free to select a new one for these models and install per the instructions. Here, there aren't a great deal of Cessna Caravan panels to choose from (if you're insistent on having the panel match the plane) I may recommend the Cessna Grand Caravan 208 Panel, Version 3.0, by David Durst, durst@axtek.com, www.axtek.com/durst 6. The sound.cfg file included with both models is the standard 'learjet' sound set, since for the reasons noted above it didn't seem worthwhile to bundle these altogether and have your download take a weekend or more. Working with sound sets is even easier than working with panels so this certainly shouldn't be any problem for you 'newbies'. This is an important aspect of accuracy, for me anyway, since FS98 doesn't have a 'turboprop' sound in its arsenal. I've tried most of them and I still keep coming back to ATR Sound Set Version 2.1, for Flightsim 98, by Graham "DOTCOM" Waterfield of Flightsim Developers Ltd., dotcom@avnet.co.uk, http://www.avnet.co.uk/fsd. The sound.cfg file likewise, does not include splash sounds, which would be nice to hear at take-off and touchdown in the water version. If this is important to you, you can edit its sound.cfg file and add the necessary wave files as described in the documentation for my Cessna 185's (WBC185V4.ZIP). The land plane version obviously can maintain the usual screetch sounds at touchdown because it usually doesn't land in the water :-). 7. Copy the text files to a subdirectory of your choice. AIRCRAFT MODEL FEATURES: 1. Both models have the same general features unless noted otherwise, as follows: Feature Operation a. Tail and wingtip navigation lights: Lights key (L) b. Wing and gear landing lights: Lights key (L) c. Tail, belly and wingtip beacons: Strobes key (O) d. Flaps (an animated operation): Flap keys (F5-F8) e. Prop (an animated operation) Throttle: Throttle keys (F1-F4) f. Water displacement floats (on water version): Gear key (G) Page 6 g. Landing Gear (on land version): Gear key (G) h. Water Wake (on water version): Spoiler key (/) SOURCES: 1. Specifications, performance and scaled drawings for 1998 Cessna 208 Caravans are as provided by Cessna Aircraft Co., Wichita, Kansas, October 6, 1997. AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE: Caravan 208 on amphibious floats (generally for both versions) * Cruise Speed (10,000 ft.) kts/km: 163/302 * Range (10,000 ft.) nm/km: 855/1583 (includes takeoff, climb, cruise, descent and 45-min. reserve at max. cruise power. * Rate of Climb @ sea level - fpm/mpm: 823/251 * Service Ceiling @ max. gross - ft/m: 20,000/6096 * Takeoff performance @ sea level - ft/m: * Ground Roll: 2025/617 * 50 ft. obstacle - ft/m: 3455/1053 * Stall Speed (ldg) - kts/km: 59/109 * Landing performance @ sea level - ft/m: * Ground Roll: 1045/319 * 50 ft obstacle: 1935/590 * Maximum Weights - lb/kg: * Ramp: 8035/3645 * Takeoff: 8000/3629 * Landing: 7800/3538 * Standard empty weight - lbs/kg: 4902/2224 Page 7 * Maximum useful load - lbs/kg: 3133/1421 * Wing Loading: 28.6 lbs/sq.ft. * Power Loading: 13.3 lbs/sq.ft. Specifications (Common To Both Aircraft) Interior Dimensions * Interior Cabin Volume - cu.ft/cu.m: 254/7.2 Exterior Dimension * Length - ft/m: 38.9/11.9 * Wing span - ft/m: 52.1/15.9 * Height - ft/m: 18.2/5.5 Specifications * Engine: PT6A-114A * SHP: 600 @ 1900 rpm * Total fuel capacity - gal/lbs: 335/2248 Max Seating Capacity:10 * Propeller: Constant speed, 3 blades, full feathering, Reversible, 106" dia. FLIGHT TRAINING: Both aircraft handle essentially the same. There are minor differences, but not that will effect us here. Page 8 Land Version Take-Off: 1. Bring the propeller lever out of feather, switch on the battery and boost pump switches and engage the start switch. The compressor (Ng) will spool up and with the fuel switch at low-idle the Ng stabilizes at just above 12%, permitting a fuel flow of 100 pounds/hour. (are you following this?) 2. Combustion begins to rush toward the 1,090-degree start limit but peaks at 800 degrees. When the start-up reaches 52% rpm, switch off the start switch. Light the seat belt signs for the rear passengers and we're ready for taxi. (these first two items were thrown in only to get you in the mood). 3. Apply throttle to get the monster off the dime and keep taxi speeds limited to below 10 knots. 4. Set flaps to 20 degrees and move the fuel control to high-idle (65% Ng). Taxi to the runway and when permitted, take the active. 5. Hold brakes until you reach 700 lbs. of torque, assuring that the propeller is on the governor. Release brakes and feed in power to 95% n2 and at full gross, rotate at 75kts. Climb-Out: 1. Retract landing gear as soon as a landing on the runway below is no longer possible. 2. Retract flaps to 10 degree after reaching 95kts and retract the remaining 10 degrees when your airspeed needle passes 105kts. 3. Maintain 95% n2 and trim for around 1000 fpm climb at about 130kts indicated. Cruise 1. Level off and trim to achieve level flight and reduce the throttles back to between 75% and 87% depending upon your desired cruise speed, economic stature and the local weather conditions. 2. At 10,000 ft. your cruise will be 163kts tas for both versions. Descent: 1. Reduce the throttle to between 65% and 70% n2 and begin the descent. Don't let the indicated airspeed exceed 170kts since max. operating is 175. Trim to achieve about 1000 fpm in the descent and keep an eye on the airspeed. 2. The first 10 degrees of flaps can be dropped at the redline of 175kts, but be prepared to trim nose down, as the flaps drop. Flaps can be dropped to 20 degrees at 150kts and to full flaps at 125kts or below. Take note that at full gross, best glide speed is 96kts, indicated, yielding a decent rate of 1200 fpm. If we could feather the prop, it would reduce the sink rate to less than 600 fpm. (good thing we're not injured when we hit the ground!). Page 9 In the Pattern: 1. Once in the pattern, raise the throttle settings to around 85% n2, yielding between 160 and 170kts. Approach and Landing: 1. On downwind, abeam the landing end of the runway, set in one notch of flap (10 degree) and lower the landing gear, keeping in mind the max. speeds for such actions. Continue with further application of flaps at the appropriate speeds until you cross the threshold at between 85kts and 90kts and touchdown at about 80kts. 2. Throughout this process maintain between 400 and 500 lbs. Of torque to keep the PT6A ready with go around thrust until landing is assured. Water Version Operations are very similar to the land version discussed above. The primary differences are that you must toggle-off the full view "air" floats, which brings to view the partial, water displacement floats, just prior to touchdown. The toggle is the same as for the land version since it is as if you are lowering the landing gear. Think of it this way. Even though you are landing on the water, you must still lower the landing gear. If this is not done, the a/c will believe you have landed with your retractable gear still up. . . Silly airplane!! Stay with it and you'll get the hang of it soon enough. On take off, its just the opposite. In fact you may hit the gear key any time prior to take off and immediately upon the floats leaving the water, they will automatically change to the full-view "air" floats. (just as if they were coming out of the water. . get it?) For added realism (and after all, isn't that what we're all looking for?) press the spoiler key (/) to activate the wake. There is a slight delay in it's appearance so be patient. This feature is especially nice looking when viewed from the front or rear corners or from the sides. Don't forget to turn it off before take off, 'cause if you don't, you'll be pulling a bunch of blue streamers behind you. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Special thanks go to Joe Valeri for his beta tests; Marcel Ritzema for sharing his ideas to work out some of the early visual problems; to Stefan 'Doe' Doebereiner (again) for his excellent "AF5PAINT' program, which was utilized in the Caravan's artwork. Version 2 of this Program is now available as of May, 1997; to Brian Goode, Regional Manager for Cessna Aircraft for his assistance in securing the necessary documentation; and last but not least to my wife and kids for their indulgence of me (again) in this most time consuming of pastimes. Page 10 DISCLAIMER AND USE and COPYRIGHT WARNING: The aircraft included in this bundle are copyrighted Donn E. Bohde under all applicable statutes of international copyright law. These files are intended for private entertainment purposes only. I can not accept any responsibility for damage or loss of data incurred directly or indirectly from the use of these files. These files may be copied, distributed, transmitted, uploaded or downloaded only as long as all files (including this text file) remain together and proper credit to the original designer and author of these files is noted. The files may not be modified, edited or otherwise be made to appear to be your own. No monetary gain may be made by the sale of these files in whole or in part. Inclusion of these files or any part thereof in CD or any other form with other software as part of bundled shareware or freeware is strictly prohibited without the prior express written permission of the author of these files. By copying the content of this file to your FS5/ FS95/FS98/FS2K directories, you are agreeing to the terms of this disclaimer. I hope you are pleased with these files and enjoy them! It would be nice to hear from you with regard to your impressions of this work. Many thanks! God's Blessings Donn E. Bohde CIS 105213,3330 debohde@compuserve.com Frank Lloyd Wright Brothers Aircraft Company Roseville, Michigan (c) 1999 Donn E. Bohde - All Rights Reserved <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>